Język Polski
English
The supervision of the Regional Military Prosecutor's Office in Gdańsk with the units of the Internal Security Corps and the Frontier Guard between 1946–1955
Aparat Represji w Polsce Ludowej 1944-1989, No. 1(13) (2015), pages: 393-413
Publication date: 2023-03-28
PDF (Język Polski)
Abstract
The regional military prosecution service in the People’s Republic of Poland in the period between 1946 and 1955, whose fields of competence included conducting criminal proceedings in matters involving the soldiers and officers of the Internal Security Corps (KBW) and the Border Protection/Border Protection Corps, as well as supervision over maintaining discipline, economic matters and preventive measures in both mentioned formations. Due to the fact that this issue has not yet been generally discussed in the literature, the author presents it based on the example of the Regional Military Prosecution Service in Gdańsk and the subordinated units (in a defined scope) of the 13th regiment of the Internal Security Corps (KBW), the 4th Brigade of the Border Protection (OP) and the 16th division of the Border Protection Corps (WOP). The investigations against KBW and OP/WOP soldiers and officers were conducted by investigating officers of the suspects’ units under the supervision of the prosecutors of the Regional Military Prosecution Service (WPR) in Gdańsk. The duties of the military prosecutors, besides the conduct and supervision of criminal matters concerning crimes committed by KBW and OP/WOP soldiers and officers, included preventive activities with the use of various types of measures, i.e. meeting and talks with soldiers regarding the legal consequences of criminal offences. Moreover, the prosecutors conducted political-educational training in KBW and OP/WOP units, as well as inspected the condition of uniforms, board and lodging of soldiers on duty and any kind of economic, accounting and secretarial activities performed there. The above issues were a part of the so-called general prosecution supervision, a function absent in pre-war Polish legislation, which was adopted from Soviet legislation. Its implementation enabled communists to extend control over broader areas of public life in the People’s Republic, hence discussing this topic is extremely important for becoming more familiar with its post-war history.
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