okładka

Том 18 № 2 (2011)

ISSN:
1427-7476

Section: Varia

Wybrane aspekty funkcjonowania PPR i aparatu polityczno-wychowawczego w „ludowej” Marynarce Wojennej lat 1944–1947

Paweł Przybylski

Instytut Historii Akademii Marynarki Wojennej w Gdyni

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość, Том 18 № 2 (2011), pages: 255-274

Publication date: 2011-12-30

Аннотация

Selected aspects of the functioning of the PWP and the political-educational apparatus within the Polish Navy in the years 1944–1947 When the first Polish military units were formed in the USSR, it became clear that the future Polish armed forces would lose their national and democratic character. Already in May 1943 real control over the army was taken over by the Association of Polish Patriots, replaced in November 1944 by the Military Department of the Central Committee of the Polish Workers’ Party—an informal institution which nevertheless had unlimited power over all types of forces, including the navy. Guaranteeing the implementation of PWP directives were the so-called party plenipotentiaries within the military units. Together with the political-educational sections, the plenipotentiaries worked to maintain the “proper image” of the Polish navy. During the first period of the navy’s formation, the plenipo - tentiaries were generally Soviet officers—bolshevik members of the communist party, unfamiliar with Poland’s complex political situation. Consequently, they were replaced by the Central Team of the Ministry of National Defense made up of high-level PWP members. Similar teams were also formed at lower levels of command. It was through the agency of just such a navy District Team headed by Cpt. Józef Urbanowicz, deputy commander of the navy for political-educational affairs, that Rear Admiral Adam Mohuczy was removed from the command of the Polish navy. Mohuczy’s vision of a strong national navy grounded on the pre-war cadre, traditions, and Polish military thought, was at odds with the vision of the political decision makers. Moreover, Mohuczy did not conform to the directions of the party ideologues. It is worth emphasizing that the removal of Mohuczy from his position took place shortly after the formation of the Polish parliament and Bolesław Bierut’s election to the presidency—i.e., after the communists had taken complete control. This event initiated the first “personnel purges” and repressions in the navy. In just the month of March 1947, 90 personnel changes in key leadership positions took place, including dismissals from the navy. Based on accusations and denunciations collected by party activists and the navy’s District Team, Military Information prepared materials necessary for the arrest of Cpt. Adam Mohuczy in December 1949. In 1950, Ctp. Adam Mohuczy, together with other officers, was sentenced to long-term imprisonment. He died in the Sztum prison on May 7, 1953.

J. Przybylski, Adam Mohuczy – pierwszy kontradmirał ludowej Marynarki Wojennej, „Przegląd Morski” 1987, nr 6, s. 46. A. Drzewiecki, Adam, Aleksander i Borys Mohuczowie w służbie Polskiej Marynarki Wojennej, Toruń 2005 Z. Machaliński, Admirałowie Polscy 1919–1950, Warszawa 1993 Z. Machaliński, Adam Mohuczy (1891–1953), pseudonim Pirat, kontradmirał Polskiej Marynarki Wojennej, dowódca Polskiej Marynarki Wojennej, dyrektor Szkoły Morskiej w Gdyni, prezes Rady Głównej Ligi Morskiej, kapitan żeglugi wielkiej, „Nautologia” 1988, nr 2, s. 20–34 C. Ciesielski, Twórcy Polskiej Marynarki Wojennej, Gdańsk 1995 Kierownictwo PPR i PZPR wobec wojska 1944–1956, („Dokumenty do Dziejów PRL”, z. 6), red. A. Paczkowski, Warszawa 2003 P. Przybylski, Polityczne uwarunkowania dowodzenia Marynarką Wojenną, „Kwartalnik Bellona” 2010, nr 4, s. 122 C. Ciesielski, W. Pater, J. Przybylski, Polska Marynarka Wojenna 1918–1980, Warszawa 1992 P. Semków, Informacja Marynarki Wojennej w latach 1945–1957, Warszawa 2006 W. Radziszewski, Marynarka Wojenna w latach 1945–1949, Gdańsk 1976 J. Królikowski, Admirałowie Polskiej Marynarki Wojennej 1945–2004, Toruń 2004 A. Nitka, Przedsiębiorstwo stoczniowe F. Schichau. Elbląg-Piław–Gdańsk–Ryga–Królewiec. Zarys dziejów 1837–1945, „Morze Statki i Okręty” 2007, nr 6, s. 62–71 Kadry morskie Rzeczypospolitej, t. II, cz. I: Korpus oficerów 1918–1947, red. J. K. Sawicki, Gdynia 1996 J. Przybylski, Adam Mohuczy – pierwszy kontradmirał ludowej Marynarki Wojennej, „Przegląd Morski” 1987, nr 7–8, s. 127 J. Poksiński, Represje wobec oficerów Wojska Polskiego 1949–1956. TUN, Warszawa 2007

Citation rules

Przybylski, P. (2011). Wybrane aspekty funkcjonowania PPR i aparatu polityczno-wychowawczego w „ludowej” Marynarce Wojennej lat 1944–1947. Pamięć I Sprawiedliwość, 18(2), 255–274. извлечено от https://czasopisma.ipn.gov.pl/index.php/pis/article/view/387

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okładka

Том 18 № 2 (2011)

ISSN:
1427-7476

Data publikacji:
2011-12-12

Dział: Varia