The topic of this study is the situation of indigenous inhabitants of the Sztum district, that is the second most numerous such population in the area of Gdańsk Pomerania. Not only numerosity was relevant at selecting this group, also the fact that in over 70% is was composed of a rural populace. The preserved sources, the analysis of which has confi rmed their representativeness, realiability and features, have determined the topic and the chronologic scope of this study. It only presents a fragment of the life of indigenous people, illustrating their situation in the early 1950s. Preserved materials enable us to follow the activities of natives in many fi elds of social life. The fi rst part of the study is an analysis of the current status of research on the issues of the indigenous population of Gdańsk Pomerania. It enabled to point out the need of this study. A description of the period 1945–1950 makes it possible to understand the complexity of the problem of indigenous population. It was a turbulent time in the history of Western and Northern Territories (i.e., territories Poland took over from Germany after WW2). Many processes that characterise that period were the consequence of war, and the recent establishing anew of Polish state authority. All those events, beginning with the arrival of the Soviet army, migration of the population, and the establishment of Polish administration, had a tremendous impact on the local inhabitants. They experienced many difficult moments in those years, completely opposite to the expectations associated with desired freedom. The preserved archives that are the base of this study, were created as a consequence of PZPR’s new policy towards the indigenous population. The key decision in that regard was the Resolution of the Party’s Central Committee of July 1950, on the attitude towards natives. The provisions of the resolution were exercised by carrying out various analyses by the voivodeship, district and communal administration, relative to the situation of native people. The issues addressed by the resolution are reflected in preserved sources, therefore, in further sections of the study the resolution is thoroughly analysed, making it easier to understand the substantial structure of sources that are the basis of the study. Their in-depth verification enabled to bring closer the position of indigenous people within the social structure of the district. This is a basic element of the study, that demonstrates how complex are the problems related to the existence of natives in society. The study is contributory, and it is a start point for further research on indigenous population of Gdańsk Pomerania.