Działalność I sekretarza Komitetu Warszawskiego PZPR Stefana Staszewskiego w 1956 roku

Marek Juzepczuk

Tom 29 Nr 1 (2017)

ISSN:

1427-7476

Dział: Studia

Działalność I sekretarza Komitetu Warszawskiego PZPR Stefana Staszewskiego w 1956 roku

Marek Juzepczuk

Instytut Historii UMCS

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość, Tom 29 Nr 1 (2017), strony: 485-505

Data publikacji: 2017-06-30

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Abstrakt

Stefan Staszewski, born in 1906 in Warsaw as Gustaw Szuster, was an active member of the Young Communist League of Poland and the Communist Party of Poland, trained from 1926 to 1928 in the International Lenin School in Moscow. He was arrested three times in Poland for communist activity. In 1934, he fled to the USSR, where he was reprimanded for membership in M. Lampe’s group, and then expelled from the AUCP(b) and arrested by the NKVD. He was sentenced to 15 years in a Kolyma Gulag camp. He was released in 1945 thanks to Bolesław Bierut’s intervention, and after coming to Poland, he joined the Polish Workers’ Party (PPR) and changed his name to Stefan Staszewski. The Secretary of the PPR Central Committee dispatched him to Katowice to take the position of the secretary for industrial affairs. Soon, he became the editor-in-chief of Trybuna Robotnicza, which achieved considerable success under his management. In 1948, the party leadership gave him the very responsible post of the director of the Department of Press and Publications of the PUWP’s Central Committee. Staszewski changed radically the organizational system of the party press and of the publishing businesses’ activity, and contributed to the development of communist journalism. In 1954, he was dismissed from the post of the Department of Press and Publications’ head and moved to the Ministry of Agriculture. During the thaw, he became a critic of the former party leadership and began to actively aid supporters of reforms. As the First Secretary of the PUWP Warsaw Committee, in October 1956 he organized and supervised rallies at Warsaw universities and work places. During the Eighth Plenary Session of the PUWP Central Committee, he was attacked by activists belonging to the “Natolinian group”. His stance was violently criticised by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, which resulted in his dismissal from the post of secretary of the Warsaw party organization. Staszewski largely contributed to the success of the party reformers and to positive transformations initiated during the Eighth Plenary Session. Having left the PUWP Warsaw Committee, he worked for a short time in the Polish Press Agency. His relationship with new party authorities steadily became worse, which resulted in him being removed from the post of the assistant of the member of PUWP Central Committee. That is why he began to work for the State Scientific Publishers (PWN) in the editorial section of the Great Universal Encyclopaedia. In 1968, party propaganda presented him, together with Roman Zambrowski, as the most dangerous threat to the PRL’s constitutional order. In the 1970s, he maintained close relations with the Workers’ Defence Committee. Under martial law, his flat was searched by the Security Service.

Słowa kluczowe

Stefan Staszewski • Władysław Gomułka • VIII Plenum partyjne • październik 1956 • Komitet Warszawski PZPR • FSO • frakcje partyjne • puławianie Stefan Staszewski • Władysław Gomułka • Eighth Plenary Session of the Party • October 1956 • PUWP Warsaw Committee • FSO • party factions • Puławians

Bibliografia

Eisler Jerzy, Komitet Warszawski PZPR w „polskich miesiącach” {w} Warszawa miasto w opresji, pod red. Kazimierz Krajewski, Magdalena Pietrzak – Merta, IPN Warszawa 2010.

Friszke Andrzej, Anatomia buntu. Kuroń, Modzelewski i komandosi, ZNAK, Kraków 2010.

Jankowiak Stanisław, Wielkopolska w okresie stalinizmu (1948-1956), Poznań, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 1995.

Juzepczuk Marek, Mieszkańcy Warszawy wobec przemian Października 1956 roku w świetle dzienników i pamiętników, {w} Rocznik Mazowiecki, t.25, Mazowieckie Towarzystwo Naukowe, Warszawa 2013.

Juzepczuk Marek, Działania Komitetu Warszawskiego PZPR w październiku 1956 r. w ocenie Władysława Gomułki {w} Vir Bonus. Księga jubileuszowa dedykowana doktorowi Władysławowi Horstowi, Archiwum Akt Nowych, Warszawa 2015.

Juzepczuk Marek, Stefan Staszewski – kierownik Wydziału Prasy i Wydawnictw KC PZPR w latach 1948-1954 {w} Elity komunistyczne w Polsce, UMCS-IPN, Warszawa-Lublin 2015.

Kondek Adam Stanisław, Papierowa rewolucja. Oficjalny obieg książek w latach 1948-1955, Biblioteka Narodowa, Warszawa 1999.

Skrzypek Andrzej, Mechanizmy uzależnienia, stosunki polsko-radzieckie 1944-1957, Pułtusk WSH im. A. Gieysztora, 2002.

Sobór-Świderska Anna, Jakub Berman. Biografia Komunisty, IPN, Warszawa 2009

Szumiło Mirosław, Roman Zambrowski 1909-1977. Studium z dziejów elity komunistycznej w Polsce, IPN, warszawa 2014.

Jak cytować

Juzepczuk, M. (2017). Działalność I sekretarza Komitetu Warszawskiego PZPR Stefana Staszewskiego w 1956 roku. Pamięć I Sprawiedliwość, 29(1), 485–505. Pobrano z https://czasopisma.ipn.gov.pl/index.php/pis/article/view/158

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Tom 29 Nr 1 (2017)

ISSN:

1427-7476

Data publikacji:
2017-06-30

Dział: Studia