Program i inicjatywy Ruchu „Wolność i Pokój” w zakresie polityki międzynarodowej

Jacek Czaputowicz

Tom 30 Nr 2 (2017)

ISSN:

1427-7476

eISSN:

2957-1723

Dział: Studia

Program i inicjatywy Ruchu „Wolność i Pokój” w zakresie polityki międzynarodowej

Jacek Czaputowicz

Instytut Europeistyki Wydziału Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Europejskich Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość, Tom 30 Nr 2 (2017), strony: 179-202

Data publikacji: 2017-12-30

PDF

Abstrakt

The article describes the programme and initiatives of the “Wolność i Pokój” (WiP) Movement concerning international policy. The WiP maintained a wide international contacts supporting the disarmament and unification of Europe and demanding the withdrawal of the Soviet army from Poland and the termination of the Warsaw Pact. The above programme was reflected in common documents of the opposition groups in both Central and Eastern European countries and western peace movements. As a consequence, the western peace movements ceased to be a tool in the hands of Communists and became the allies of the democratic opposition in the Central and Eastern European countries. The article presents the programme discussions conducted with the western peace activists, in particular the role of the WiP in initiating the Memorandum entitled “Tchnąć prawdziwe życie w porozumienia helsińskie” (Breath true life into the Helsinki agreements), the main initiative of Central and Eastern European opposition activists and peace movements in the mid-80s. The discussions were continued at the international seminar entitled “International peace and Helsinki agreements” held in Warsaw in May 1987, which initiated similar meetings in Budapest, Moscow, Prague and Krakow. The international programme of the “Wolność i Pokój” Movement was recreated on the basis of this statement and the articles of the Movement activists. An important role was played by the concept of political disarmament, considering freedom, democracy, human rights and cooperation between societies of the East and West as the conditions for permanent peace. Political disarmament is something more that technical disarmament, concerning the amount of weapon, dates of its decommission, etc., however without the control exercised by the societies. One of the features of the “Wolność i Pokój” Movement programme was the acknowledgement that changes within the Soviet Union should be used for improvement of the geopolitical situation of Poland. The activities of the WiP were also reflected in the superficial look of the Jaruzelski’s plan, presented in the forum of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe and supported by the states-parties to the Warsaw Pact. The WiP postulates, concerning the withdrawal of alien armies from their territories, the termination of the Warsaw Pact and the integration of a divided Europe seemed unreal to the majority of the opposition activists, however were implemented soon after. The cited opinions of the head activists of “Solidarity” and foreign journalists prove that they perceived the crucial role played by the “Wolność i Pokój” Movement in the end of the Communist regime.

Słowa kluczowe

pokój • ruchy pokojowe • Ruch „Wolność i Pokój” (WiP) • rozbrojenie • Konferencja Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie (KBWE) • Memorandum helsińskie • plan Jaruzelskiego • opozycja demokratyczna w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej peace • “Wolność i Pokój” Movement (WiP) • peace movements • disarmament • Helsinki Memorandum Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe • democratic opposition in the Central and Eastern Europe

Bibliografia

P. Kenny, Framing, Political Opportunities, and Civic Mobilization in the Extern European Revolutions: A Case Study of Poland’s Freedom and Peace Movement, „Mobilization: An International Journal” 2001, nr 2, t. 6

A. Smółka-Gnauck, Między wolnością a pokojem. Zarys historii Ruchu „Wolność i Pokój”, Warszawa 2012

M. Litwińska, WiP kontra PRL. Ruch Wolność i Pokój 1985–1989, Kraków 2015

J. Czaputowicz, Działania Służby Bezpieczeństwa i kontrwywiadu wojskowego wobec Ruchu „Wolność i Pokój” [w:] „Jesteście naszą wielką szansą”. Młodzież na rozstajach komunizmu 1944–1989, red. P. Ceranka, S. Stępień, Warszawa 2009

M. Litwińska, G. Waligóra, Ruch „Wolność i Pokój” 1985–1989 [w:] NSZZ „Solidarność” 1980–1989, t. 7: Wokół „Solidarności”, red. Ł. Kamiński, G. Waligóra, Warszawa 2010

“Trust, but Verify”: The Politics of Uncertainty & the Transformation of the Cold War Order, 1969–1991, red M. Klimke, R. Kreis, Ch. Ostermann, Washington 2016

Ch. Miedema, A Transnational Movement Breaking Down the Blocs? The ‘Alliance’ between the Western Peace Movement and the Polish Opposition in the 1980s., projekt przygotowany na konferencję „New Perspectives in the Transnational History of Communism in East-Central Europe”, Poznań, October 2014

P. Kenney, Rewolucyjny karnawał. Europa Środkowa 1989, tłum. P. Szymor, Wrocław 2005

K. Szulecki, Freedom and Peace are Indivisible [w:] R. Brier, Entangled protest. Transnational approaches to the history of dissent in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, Osnabrück 2013

W. Bukowski, Pacyfiści kontra pokój, przeł. A. Mietkowski, Paris 1983

K. Szulecki, Heretical geopolitics of Central Europe. Dissidents intellectuals and an alternative European order, „Geoforum” 2015, t. 65

V. Havel, Anatomy of a Reticence [w:] idem, Open Letters. Selected Prose 1965–1990, red. P. Wilson, London–Boston 1991

Ch. Miedema, The Transnationality of Dutch Solidarity with the Polish Opposition 1980–1989, „Revue Belge de Philologie et D’Histoire” 2011, t. 89

M. Hauner, Anti-militarism and the Independent Peace Movement in Czechoslovakia [w:] In Search of Civil Society. Independent Peace Movement in the Soviet Bloc, red. V. Tismaneanu, Routledge – New York – London 1990

J. Salij, Problem odmowy służby wojskowej na Soborze Watykańskim II, Warszawa 1987

A.D. Rotfeld, Dylematy polskiej polityki bezpieczeństwa (1944–1990) [w:] Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe czasu przemian. Zagrożenia – koncepcje – instytucje, red. R. Kuźniar, Z. Lachowski, Warszawa 2003

S.B. Snyder, Human Rights Activism and the End of the Cold War: A Transnational History of the Helsinki Network, Cambridge 2011

J. Laber, The Courage of Strangers: Coming of Age with the Human Rights Movement, New York 2012

Y. Kashlev, The CSCE in the Soviet Union’s Politics, „International Affairs” 1992, nr 7

G. Wylie, Creating alternative visions: The role of national and transnational social movements in the demise of Polish state socialism. Ph.D. thesis. Aberdeen 1996

L. Jones, The Process of Engagement in Non-Violent Collective Action, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Bath, 1995

K. Szulecki, Hijacked Ideas: Human Rights, Peace and Environmentalism in Czechoslovak and Polish Dissident Discourses, „East European Politics and Societies” 2011, t. 25, nr 2

Jak cytować

Czaputowicz, J. (2017). Program i inicjatywy Ruchu „Wolność i Pokój” w zakresie polityki międzynarodowej. Pamięć I Sprawiedliwość, 30(2), 179–202. Pobrano z https://czasopisma.ipn.gov.pl/index.php/pis/article/view/120

Statystyki

Liczba pobrań PDF

Download data is not yet available.